453 lines
13 KiB
JavaScript

/**
* Simple binary search tree
*/
const customUtils = require('./customUtils')
class BinarySearchTree {
/**
* Constructor
* @param {Object} options Optional
* @param {Boolean} options.unique Whether to enforce a 'unique' constraint on the key or not
* @param {Key} options.key Initialize this BST's key with key
* @param {Value} options.value Initialize this BST's data with [value]
* @param {Function} options.compareKeys Initialize this BST's compareKeys
*/
constructor (options) {
options = options || {}
this.left = null
this.right = null
this.parent = options.parent !== undefined ? options.parent : null
if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(options, 'key')) { this.key = options.key }
this.data = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(options, 'value') ? [options.value] : []
this.unique = options.unique || false
this.compareKeys = options.compareKeys || customUtils.defaultCompareKeysFunction
this.checkValueEquality = options.checkValueEquality || customUtils.defaultCheckValueEquality
}
/**
* Get the descendant with max key
*/
getMaxKeyDescendant () {
if (this.right) return this.right.getMaxKeyDescendant()
else return this
}
/**
* Get the maximum key
*/
getMaxKey () {
return this.getMaxKeyDescendant().key
}
/**
* Get the descendant with min key
*/
getMinKeyDescendant () {
if (this.left) return this.left.getMinKeyDescendant()
else return this
}
/**
* Get the minimum key
*/
getMinKey () {
return this.getMinKeyDescendant().key
}
/**
* Check that all nodes (incl. leaves) fullfil condition given by fn
* test is a function passed every (key, data) and which throws if the condition is not met
*/
checkAllNodesFullfillCondition (test) {
if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this, 'key')) return
test(this.key, this.data)
if (this.left) this.left.checkAllNodesFullfillCondition(test)
if (this.right) this.right.checkAllNodesFullfillCondition(test)
}
/**
* Check that the core BST properties on node ordering are verified
* Throw if they aren't
*/
checkNodeOrdering () {
if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this, 'key')) return
if (this.left) {
this.left.checkAllNodesFullfillCondition(k => {
if (this.compareKeys(k, this.key) >= 0) throw new Error(`Tree with root ${this.key} is not a binary search tree`)
})
this.left.checkNodeOrdering()
}
if (this.right) {
this.right.checkAllNodesFullfillCondition(k => {
if (this.compareKeys(k, this.key) <= 0) throw new Error(`Tree with root ${this.key} is not a binary search tree`)
})
this.right.checkNodeOrdering()
}
}
/**
* Check that all pointers are coherent in this tree
*/
checkInternalPointers () {
if (this.left) {
if (this.left.parent !== this) throw new Error(`Parent pointer broken for key ${this.key}`)
this.left.checkInternalPointers()
}
if (this.right) {
if (this.right.parent !== this) throw new Error(`Parent pointer broken for key ${this.key}`)
this.right.checkInternalPointers()
}
}
/**
* Check that a tree is a BST as defined here (node ordering and pointer references)
*/
checkIsBST () {
this.checkNodeOrdering()
this.checkInternalPointers()
if (this.parent) throw new Error("The root shouldn't have a parent")
}
/**
* Get number of keys inserted
*/
getNumberOfKeys () {
let res
if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this, 'key')) return 0
res = 1
if (this.left) res += this.left.getNumberOfKeys()
if (this.right) res += this.right.getNumberOfKeys()
return res
}
/**
* Create a BST similar (i.e. same options except for key and value) to the current one
* Use the same constructor (i.e. BinarySearchTree, AVLTree etc)
* @param {Object} options see constructor
*/
createSimilar (options) {
options = options || {}
options.unique = this.unique
options.compareKeys = this.compareKeys
options.checkValueEquality = this.checkValueEquality
return new this.constructor(options)
}
/**
* Create the left child of this BST and return it
*/
createLeftChild (options) {
const leftChild = this.createSimilar(options)
leftChild.parent = this
this.left = leftChild
return leftChild
}
/**
* Create the right child of this BST and return it
*/
createRightChild (options) {
const rightChild = this.createSimilar(options)
rightChild.parent = this
this.right = rightChild
return rightChild
}
/**
* Insert a new element
*/
insert (key, value) {
// Empty tree, insert as root
if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this, 'key')) {
this.key = key
this.data.push(value)
return
}
// Same key as root
if (this.compareKeys(this.key, key) === 0) {
if (this.unique) {
const err = new Error(`Can't insert key ${JSON.stringify(key)}, it violates the unique constraint`)
err.key = key
err.errorType = 'uniqueViolated'
throw err
} else this.data.push(value)
return
}
if (this.compareKeys(key, this.key) < 0) {
// Insert in left subtree
if (this.left) this.left.insert(key, value)
else this.createLeftChild({ key: key, value: value })
} else {
// Insert in right subtree
if (this.right) this.right.insert(key, value)
else this.createRightChild({ key: key, value: value })
}
}
/**
* Search for all data corresponding to a key
*/
search (key) {
if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this, 'key')) return []
if (this.compareKeys(this.key, key) === 0) return this.data
if (this.compareKeys(key, this.key) < 0) {
if (this.left) return this.left.search(key)
else return []
} else {
if (this.right) return this.right.search(key)
else return []
}
}
/**
* Return a function that tells whether a given key matches a lower bound
*/
getLowerBoundMatcher (query) {
// No lower bound
if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(query, '$gt') && !Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(query, '$gte')) return () => true
if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(query, '$gt') && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(query, '$gte')) {
if (this.compareKeys(query.$gte, query.$gt) === 0) return key => this.compareKeys(key, query.$gt) > 0
if (this.compareKeys(query.$gte, query.$gt) > 0) return key => this.compareKeys(key, query.$gte) >= 0
else return key => this.compareKeys(key, query.$gt) > 0
}
if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(query, '$gt')) return key => this.compareKeys(key, query.$gt) > 0
else return key => this.compareKeys(key, query.$gte) >= 0
}
/**
* Return a function that tells whether a given key matches an upper bound
*/
getUpperBoundMatcher (query) {
// No lower bound
if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(query, '$lt') && !Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(query, '$lte')) return () => true
if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(query, '$lt') && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(query, '$lte')) {
if (this.compareKeys(query.$lte, query.$lt) === 0) return key => this.compareKeys(key, query.$lt) < 0
if (this.compareKeys(query.$lte, query.$lt) < 0) return key => this.compareKeys(key, query.$lte) <= 0
else return key => this.compareKeys(key, query.$lt) < 0
}
if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(query, '$lt')) return key => this.compareKeys(key, query.$lt) < 0
else return key => this.compareKeys(key, query.$lte) <= 0
}
/**
* Get all data for a key between bounds
* Return it in key order
* @param {Object} query Mongo-style query where keys are $lt, $lte, $gt or $gte (other keys are not considered)
* @param {Functions} lbm/ubm matching functions calculated at the first recursive step
*/
betweenBounds (query, lbm, ubm) {
const res = []
if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this, 'key')) return [] // Empty tree
lbm = lbm || this.getLowerBoundMatcher(query)
ubm = ubm || this.getUpperBoundMatcher(query)
if (lbm(this.key) && this.left) append(res, this.left.betweenBounds(query, lbm, ubm))
if (lbm(this.key) && ubm(this.key)) append(res, this.data)
if (ubm(this.key) && this.right) append(res, this.right.betweenBounds(query, lbm, ubm))
return res
}
/**
* Delete the current node if it is a leaf
* Return true if it was deleted
*/
deleteIfLeaf () {
if (this.left || this.right) return false
// The leaf is itself a root
if (!this.parent) {
delete this.key
this.data = []
return true
}
if (this.parent.left === this) this.parent.left = null
else this.parent.right = null
return true
}
/**
* Delete the current node if it has only one child
* Return true if it was deleted
*/
deleteIfOnlyOneChild () {
let child
if (this.left && !this.right) child = this.left
if (!this.left && this.right) child = this.right
if (!child) return false
// Root
if (!this.parent) {
this.key = child.key
this.data = child.data
this.left = null
if (child.left) {
this.left = child.left
child.left.parent = this
}
this.right = null
if (child.right) {
this.right = child.right
child.right.parent = this
}
return true
}
if (this.parent.left === this) {
this.parent.left = child
child.parent = this.parent
} else {
this.parent.right = child
child.parent = this.parent
}
return true
}
/**
* Delete a key or just a value
* @param {Key} key
* @param {Value} value Optional. If not set, the whole key is deleted. If set, only this value is deleted
*/
delete (key, value) {
const newData = []
let replaceWith
if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this, 'key')) return
if (this.compareKeys(key, this.key) < 0) {
if (this.left) this.left.delete(key, value)
return
}
if (this.compareKeys(key, this.key) > 0) {
if (this.right) this.right.delete(key, value)
return
}
if (!this.compareKeys(key, this.key) === 0) return
// Delete only a value
if (this.data.length > 1 && value !== undefined) {
this.data.forEach(d => {
if (!this.checkValueEquality(d, value)) newData.push(d)
})
this.data = newData
return
}
// Delete the whole node
if (this.deleteIfLeaf()) return
if (this.deleteIfOnlyOneChild()) return
// We are in the case where the node to delete has two children
if (Math.random() >= 0.5) { // Randomize replacement to avoid unbalancing the tree too much
// Use the in-order predecessor
replaceWith = this.left.getMaxKeyDescendant()
this.key = replaceWith.key
this.data = replaceWith.data
if (this === replaceWith.parent) { // Special case
this.left = replaceWith.left
if (replaceWith.left) replaceWith.left.parent = replaceWith.parent
} else {
replaceWith.parent.right = replaceWith.left
if (replaceWith.left) replaceWith.left.parent = replaceWith.parent
}
} else {
// Use the in-order successor
replaceWith = this.right.getMinKeyDescendant()
this.key = replaceWith.key
this.data = replaceWith.data
if (this === replaceWith.parent) { // Special case
this.right = replaceWith.right
if (replaceWith.right) replaceWith.right.parent = replaceWith.parent
} else {
replaceWith.parent.left = replaceWith.right
if (replaceWith.right) replaceWith.right.parent = replaceWith.parent
}
}
}
/**
* Execute a function on every node of the tree, in key order
* @param {Function} fn Signature: node. Most useful will probably be node.key and node.data
*/
executeOnEveryNode (fn) {
if (this.left) this.left.executeOnEveryNode(fn)
fn(this)
if (this.right) this.right.executeOnEveryNode(fn)
}
/**
* Pretty print a tree
* @param {Boolean} printData To print the nodes' data along with the key
*/
prettyPrint (printData, spacing) {
spacing = spacing || ''
console.log(`${spacing}* ${this.key}`)
if (printData) console.log(`${spacing}* ${this.data}`)
if (!this.left && !this.right) return
if (this.left) this.left.prettyPrint(printData, `${spacing} `)
else console.log(`${spacing} *`)
if (this.right) this.right.prettyPrint(printData, `${spacing} `)
else console.log(`${spacing} *`)
}
}
// ================================
// Methods used to test the tree
// ================================
// ============================================
// Methods used to actually work on the tree
// ============================================
// Append all elements in toAppend to array
function append (array, toAppend) {
for (let i = 0; i < toAppend.length; i += 1) {
array.push(toAppend[i])
}
}
// Interface
module.exports = BinarySearchTree