diff --git a/changelog.md b/changelog.md
index acdb92cd..93a4e484 100644
--- a/changelog.md
+++ b/changelog.md
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 # 12.0
 ## 12.0.15 - Le messager d'Astrobazzarh
 - Les messages de maladies ne sont plus publics
+- Les messages privés dans les TMR sont aussi envoyés au GM
+
 ## 12.0.14 - Les légions d'Astrobazzarh
 - Feuille de PNJ:
   - boutons standard (encaissement, ...)
diff --git a/module/actor.js b/module/actor.js
index ee0569d2..73c21990 100644
--- a/module/actor.js
+++ b/module/actor.js
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ export class RdDActor extends RdDBaseActorSang {
     const potionUpdates = await Promise.all(potions.map(async it => {
       const nouveauReve = Math.max(it.system.pr - 1, 0)
       ChatMessage.create({
-        whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(this.name),
+        whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this),
         content: await renderTemplate(`systems/foundryvtt-reve-de-dragon/templates/chat-potionenchantee-chateaudormant.html`, {
           pr: nouveauReve,
           alias: this.name,
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ export class RdDActor extends RdDBaseActorSang {
   /* -------------------------------------------- */
   async grisReve(nbJours) {
     let message = {
-      whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(this.name),
+      whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this),
       content: `${nbJours} jours de gris rêve sont passés. `
     };
     for (let i = 0; i < nbJours; i++) {
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ export class RdDActor extends RdDBaseActorSang {
   async dormirChateauDormant() {
     if (!ReglesOptionnelles.isUsing("chateau-dormant-gardien") || !this.system.sommeil || this.system.sommeil.nouveaujour) {
       const message = {
-        whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(this.name),
+        whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this),
         content: ""
       };
 
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ export class RdDActor extends RdDBaseActorSang {
   /* -------------------------------------------- */
   async remiseANeuf() {
     ChatMessage.create({
-      whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(this.name),
+      whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this),
       content: 'Remise à neuf de ' + this.name
     });
     await this.supprimerBlessures(it => true);
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ export class RdDActor extends RdDBaseActorSang {
   /* -------------------------------------------- */
   async dormir(heures, options = { grisReve: false, chateauDormant: false }) {
     const message = {
-      whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(this.name),
+      whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this),
       content: this.name + ': '
     };
     const insomnie = this.system.sommeil?.insomnie || heures == 0;
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ export class RdDActor extends RdDBaseActorSang {
       else {
         if (!ReglesOptionnelles.isUsing("recuperation-reve")) {
           ChatMessage.create({
-            whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(this.name),
+            whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this),
             content: `Pas de récupération de rêve (${reve} points ignorés)`
           });
           jetsReve.push(0);
@@ -919,7 +919,7 @@ export class RdDActor extends RdDBaseActorSang {
     await this.createEmbeddedDocuments('Item', [souffle]);
     if (options.chat) {
       ChatMessage.create({
-        whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(this.name),
+        whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this),
         content: this.name + " subit un Souffle de Dragon  : " + souffle.name
       });
     }
@@ -939,7 +939,7 @@ export class RdDActor extends RdDBaseActorSang {
     await this.createEmbeddedDocuments('Item', [queue]);
     if (options.chat) {
       ChatMessage.create({
-        whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(this.name),
+        whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this),
         content: this.name + " subit une Queue de Dragon : " + queue.name
       });
     }
@@ -977,7 +977,7 @@ export class RdDActor extends RdDBaseActorSang {
     let tmr = await TMRUtility.getTMRAleatoire(tmr => accessible(tmr) && !innaccessible.includes(tmr.coord));
     ChatMessage.create({
       content: `${raison} : ré-insertion aléatoire.`,
-      whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(this.name)
+      whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this)
     });
     await this.forcerPositionTMRInconnue(tmr);
     return tmr;
@@ -1082,7 +1082,7 @@ export class RdDActor extends RdDBaseActorSang {
     const jetMoral = await this._jetDeMoral(situation);
     const finMessage = (jetMoral.succes ? messageReussi : messageManque) ?? (jetMoral.ajustement == 0 ? "Vous gardez votre moral" : jetMoral.ajustement > 0 ? "Vous gagnez du moral" : "Vous perdez du moral");
     ChatMessage.create({
-      whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(this.name),
+      whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this),
       content: `${finMessage} - jet ${jetMoral.succes ? "réussi" : "manqué"} en situation ${situation} (${jetMoral.jet}/${jetMoral.difficulte}).`
     });
     return jetMoral.ajustement;
@@ -1419,7 +1419,7 @@ export class RdDActor extends RdDBaseActorSang {
     };
 
     ChatMessage.create({
-      whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(this.name),
+      whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this),
       content: await renderTemplate(`systems/foundryvtt-reve-de-dragon/templates/chat-resultat-transformer-stress.html`, stressRollData)
     });
 
@@ -1505,7 +1505,7 @@ export class RdDActor extends RdDBaseActorSang {
         }
         if (display) {
           ChatMessage.create({
-            whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(this.name),
+            whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this),
             content: await renderTemplate(`systems/foundryvtt-reve-de-dragon/templates/chat-actor-carac-xp.html`, checkXp)
           });
         }
@@ -1537,7 +1537,7 @@ export class RdDActor extends RdDBaseActorSang {
         }
         if (display) {
           ChatMessage.create({
-            whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(this.name),
+            whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this),
             content: await renderTemplate(`systems/foundryvtt-reve-de-dragon/templates/chat-actor-competence-xp.html`, checkXp)
           });
         }
@@ -1563,7 +1563,7 @@ export class RdDActor extends RdDBaseActorSang {
       }
       else {
         ChatMessage.create({
-          whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(this.name),
+          whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this),
           content: content
         });
       }
@@ -1666,7 +1666,7 @@ export class RdDActor extends RdDBaseActorSang {
       }
       ChatMessage.create({
         content: "Vous êtes sous le coup d'une Mauvaise Rencontre en Persective." + addMsg,
-        whisper: ChatMessage.getWhisperRecipients(this.name)
+        whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this)
       });
     }
     return rencSpecial;
@@ -1678,7 +1678,7 @@ export class RdDActor extends RdDBaseActorSang {
     if (countInertieDraconique > 0) {
       ChatMessage.create({
         content: `Vous êtes sous le coup d'Inertie Draconique : vous perdrez ${countInertieDraconique + 1} cases de Fatigue par déplacement au lieu d'une.`,
-        whisper: ChatMessage.getWhisperRecipients(this.name)
+        whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this)
       });
     }
     return countInertieDraconique + 1;
@@ -1690,7 +1690,7 @@ export class RdDActor extends RdDBaseActorSang {
       await this.reveActuelIncDec(-1);
       ChatMessage.create({
         content: "Vous êtes sous le coup d'un Péage : l'entrée sur cette case vous a coûté 1 Point de Rêve (déduit automatiquement).",
-        whisper: ChatMessage.getWhisperRecipients(this.name)
+        whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this)
       });
     }
   }
@@ -2270,7 +2270,7 @@ export class RdDActor extends RdDBaseActorSang {
       // Cas de désir lancinant, pas d'expérience sur particulière
       ChatMessage.create({
         content: `Vous souffrez au moins d'un Désir Lancinant, vous ne pouvez pas gagner d'expérience sur une Particulière tant que le désir n'est pas assouvi`,
-        whisper: ChatMessage.getWhisperRecipients(this.name)
+        whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this)
       });
       return []
     }
@@ -2405,7 +2405,7 @@ export class RdDActor extends RdDBaseActorSang {
     if (countMonteeLaborieuse > 0) {
       ChatMessage.create({
         content: `Vous êtes sous le coup d'une Montée Laborieuse : vos montées en TMR coûtent ${countMonteeLaborieuse} Point de Rêve de plus.`,
-        whisper: ChatMessage.getWhisperRecipients(this.name)
+        whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this)
       });
     }
     return countMonteeLaborieuse;
@@ -2453,7 +2453,7 @@ export class RdDActor extends RdDBaseActorSang {
       if (this.getReveActuel() < minReveValue) {
         ChatMessage.create({
           content: `Vous n'avez les ${minReveValue} Points de Reve nécessaires pour monter dans les Terres Médianes`,
-          whisper: ChatMessage.getWhisperRecipients(this.name)
+          whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this)
         });
         return;
       }
@@ -2850,7 +2850,7 @@ export class RdDActor extends RdDBaseActorSang {
       await this.setBonusPotionSoin(potionData.system.herbebonus);
     }
     ChatMessage.create({
-      whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(this.name),
+      whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this),
       content: await renderTemplate(`systems/foundryvtt-reve-de-dragon/templates/chat-consommer-potion-soin.html`, potionData)
     });
   }
@@ -2887,7 +2887,7 @@ export class RdDActor extends RdDBaseActorSang {
       this.bonusRepos = potionData.system.herbebonus;
     }
     ChatMessage.create({
-      whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(this.name),
+      whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this),
       content: await renderTemplate(`systems/foundryvtt-reve-de-dragon/templates/chat-consommer-potion-repos.html`, potionData)
     });
   }
@@ -2919,7 +2919,7 @@ export class RdDActor extends RdDBaseActorSang {
     this.diminuerQuantiteObjet(herbeData._id, herbeData.nbBrins);
 
     ChatMessage.create({
-      whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(this.name),
+      whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this),
       content: await renderTemplate(`systems/foundryvtt-reve-de-dragon/templates/chat-fabriquer-potion-base.html`, messageData)
     });
   }
@@ -2944,7 +2944,7 @@ export class RdDActor extends RdDBaseActorSang {
       }
     }
     ChatMessage.create({
-      whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(this.name),
+      whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this),
       content: await renderTemplate(`systems/foundryvtt-reve-de-dragon/templates/chat-consommer-potion-generique.html`, potionData)
     });
   }
@@ -3044,7 +3044,7 @@ export class RdDActor extends RdDBaseActorSang {
   /* -------------------------------------------- */
   notifyGestionTeteSouffleQueue(item, manualMessage = true) {
     ChatMessage.create({
-      whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(this.name),
+      whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this),
       content: `${this.name} a reçu un/une ${item.type}: ${item.name}, qui ${manualMessage ? "n'est pas" : "est"} géré(e) automatiquement. ${manualMessage ? manualMessage : ''}`
     });
   }
diff --git a/module/actor/base-actor-reve.js b/module/actor/base-actor-reve.js
index 32015d56..06b560f5 100644
--- a/module/actor/base-actor-reve.js
+++ b/module/actor/base-actor-reve.js
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ export class RdDBaseActorReve extends RdDBaseActor {
   getEffect(effectId) {
     return this.getEmbeddedCollection("ActiveEffect").find(it => it.statuses?.has(effectId));
   }
-  
+
   async setEffect(effectId, status) {
     if (this.isEffectAllowed(effectId)) {
       const effect = this.getEffect(effectId);
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ export class RdDBaseActorReve extends RdDBaseActor {
       }
     }
   }
-  
+
   async removeEffect(id) {
     const effect = this.getEmbeddedCollection("ActiveEffect").find(it => it.id == id);
     if (effect) {
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ export class RdDBaseActorReve extends RdDBaseActor {
 
   /* -------------------------------------------- */
   async rollCarac(caracName, jetResistance = undefined) {
-    if (Grammar.equalsInsensitive(caracName, 'taille')){
+    if (Grammar.equalsInsensitive(caracName, 'taille')) {
       return
     }
     RdDEmpoignade.checkEmpoignadeEnCours(this)
@@ -418,9 +418,9 @@ export class RdDBaseActorReve extends RdDBaseActor {
       return;
     }
     const armure = await this.computeArmure(rollData);
-    if (ReglesOptionnelles.isUsing('validation-encaissement-gr')){
+    if (ReglesOptionnelles.isUsing('validation-encaissement-gr')) {
       await this.encaisserDommagesValidationGR(rollData, armure, attacker?.id, show);
-    } 
+    }
     else {
       const jet = await RdDUtility.jetEncaissement(rollData, armure, { showDice: SHOW_DICE });
       await this.$onEncaissement(jet, show, attacker);
@@ -456,16 +456,19 @@ export class RdDBaseActorReve extends RdDBaseActor {
       show: show ?? {}
     });
 
-    await ChatUtility.createChatWithRollMode(this.name, {
-      roll: encaissement.roll,
-      content: await renderTemplate('systems/foundryvtt-reve-de-dragon/templates/chat-resultat-encaissement.html', encaissement)
-    });
+    await ChatUtility.createChatWithRollMode(
+      {
+        roll: encaissement.roll,
+        content: await renderTemplate('systems/foundryvtt-reve-de-dragon/templates/chat-resultat-encaissement.html', encaissement)
+      },
+      this
+    )
 
     if (!encaissement.hasPlayerOwner && encaissement.endurance != 0) {
-      encaissement = foundry.utils.duplicate(encaissement);
-      encaissement.isGM = true;
+      encaissement = foundry.utils.duplicate(encaissement)
+      encaissement.isGM = true
       ChatMessage.create({
-        whisper: ChatMessage.getWhisperRecipients("GM"),
+        whisper: ChatUtility.getGMs(),
         content: await renderTemplate('systems/foundryvtt-reve-de-dragon/templates/chat-resultat-encaissement.html', encaissement)
       });
     }
diff --git a/module/actor/base-actor-sang-sheet.js b/module/actor/base-actor-sang-sheet.js
index 2d45db03..2dcd511a 100644
--- a/module/actor/base-actor-sang-sheet.js
+++ b/module/actor/base-actor-sang-sheet.js
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ export class RdDBaseActorSangSheet extends RdDBaseActorReveSheet {
     ChatMessage.create({
       content: `Jet d'Endurance : ${result.jetEndurance} / ${endurance}
         <br>${this.actor.name} a ${result.sonne ? 'échoué' : 'réussi'} son Jet d'Endurance ${result.sonne ? 'et devient Sonné' : ''}`,
-      whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(this.actor.name)
-    });
+      whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this.actor)
+    })
   }
 
 }
diff --git a/module/actor/base-actor-sang.js b/module/actor/base-actor-sang.js
index 6e784920..978c27c2 100644
--- a/module/actor/base-actor-sang.js
+++ b/module/actor/base-actor-sang.js
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { ITEM_TYPES } from "../item.js";
 import { RdDBaseActorReve } from "./base-actor-reve.js";
 import { RdDDice } from "../rdd-dice.js";
 import { RdDItemBlessure } from "../item/blessure.js";
+import { ChatUtility } from "../chat-utility.js";
 
 /**
  * Classe de base pour les acteurs qui peuvent subir des blessures
@@ -180,7 +181,7 @@ export class RdDBaseActorSang extends RdDBaseActorReve {
       }
     }
     const endActuelle = this.getEnduranceActuelle();
-    const blessure = await RdDItemBlessure.createBlessure(this, encaissement.gravite, encaissement.dmg?.loc.label ??'', attacker);
+    const blessure = await RdDItemBlessure.createBlessure(this, encaissement.gravite, encaissement.dmg?.loc.label ?? '', attacker);
     if (blessure.isCritique()) {
       encaissement.endurance = endActuelle;
     }
@@ -196,9 +197,9 @@ export class RdDBaseActorSang extends RdDBaseActorReve {
     return blessure;
   }
 
-  async supprimerBlessure({gravite}) {
+  async supprimerBlessure({ gravite }) {
     const toDelete = this.itemTypes[ITEM_TYPES.blessure].find(it => it.system.gravite == gravite)?.id
-    if (toDelete){
+    if (toDelete) {
       await this.deleteEmbeddedDocuments('Item', [toDelete]);
     }
   }
@@ -216,7 +217,10 @@ export class RdDBaseActorSang extends RdDBaseActorReve {
   /* -------------------------------------------- */
   async jetDeVie() {
     if (this.isDead()) {
-      ChatMessage.create({ content: `Jet de Vie: ${this.name} est déjà mort, ce n'est pas la peine d'en rajouter !!!!!`, whisper: ChatMessage.getWhisperRecipients(this.name) });
+      ChatMessage.create({
+        content: `Jet de Vie: ${this.name} est déjà mort, ce n'est pas la peine d'en rajouter !!!!!`,
+        whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this)
+      })
       return
     }
     const jetDeVie = await RdDDice.roll("1d20");
@@ -243,7 +247,10 @@ export class RdDBaseActorSang extends RdDBaseActorReve {
     else if (prochainJet > 0) {
       msgText += `<br>Prochain jet de vie dans ${prochainJet} ${isCritique ? 'round' : 'minute'}${prochainJet > 1 ? 's' : ''} ${isCritique ? '(état critique)' : '(état grave)'}`
     }
-    ChatMessage.create({ content: msgText, whisper: ChatMessage.getWhisperRecipients(this.name) });
+    ChatMessage.create({
+      content: msgText,
+      whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this)
+    });
   }
 
   /* -------------------------------------------- */
diff --git a/module/actor/base-actor.js b/module/actor/base-actor.js
index 228181ad..57fbcb07 100644
--- a/module/actor/base-actor.js
+++ b/module/actor/base-actor.js
@@ -270,6 +270,7 @@ export class RdDBaseActor extends Actor {
     }
     let fortune = this.getFortune();
     console.log("payer", game.user.character, depense, fortune);
+    // TODO: passer en handlebars
     let msg = "";
     if (fortune >= depense) {
       await Monnaie.optimiserFortune(this, fortune - depense);
@@ -279,11 +280,10 @@ export class RdDBaseActor extends Actor {
       msg = "Vous n'avez pas assez d'argent pour payer cette somme !";
     }
 
-    let message = {
-      whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(this.name),
+    ChatMessage.create({
+      whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this),
       content: msg
-    };
-    ChatMessage.create(message);
+    })
   }
 
   async depenserSols(sols) {
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ export class RdDBaseActor extends Actor {
 
       RdDAudio.PlayContextAudio("argent"); // Petit son
       ChatMessage.create({
-        whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(this.name),
+        whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this.name),
         content: `Vous avez reçu <strong>${sols} Sols</strong> ${fromActor ? " de " + fromActor.name : ''}, qui ont été ajoutés à votre argent.`
       });
     }
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ export class RdDBaseActor extends Actor {
     ChatMessage.create({
       user: achat.userId,
       speaker: { alias: (acheteur ?? vendeur).name },
-      whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(this.name),
+      whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this),
       content: await renderTemplate('systems/foundryvtt-reve-de-dragon/templates/chat-achat-item.html', chatAchatItem)
     });
 
diff --git a/module/chat-utility.js b/module/chat-utility.js
index c5a56534..76792c86 100644
--- a/module/chat-utility.js
+++ b/module/chat-utility.js
@@ -8,15 +8,20 @@ import { RdDTimestamp } from "./time/rdd-timestamp.js";
  */
 export class ChatUtility {
 
+  static async init() {
+    Hooks.on("renderChatMessage", async (app, html, msg) => await ChatUtility.onRenderChatMessage(app, html, msg))
+    Hooks.on("createChatMessage", async (chatMessage, options, id) => await ChatUtility.onCreateChatMessage(chatMessage, options, id))
+  }
+
   /* -------------------------------------------- */
   static onSocketMessage(sockmsg) {
     switch (sockmsg.msg) {
-      case "msg_delete_chat_message": return ChatUtility.onRemoveMessages(sockmsg.data);
-      case "msg_user_ui_notifications": return ChatUtility.onNotifyUser(sockmsg.data);
+      case "msg_gm_chat_message": return ChatUtility.handleGMChatMessage(sockmsg.data)
+      case "msg_delete_chat_message": return ChatUtility.onRemoveMessages(sockmsg.data)
+      case "msg_user_ui_notifications": return ChatUtility.onNotifyUser(sockmsg.data)
     }
   }
 
-
   /* -------------------------------------------- */
   static notifyUser(userId, level = 'info', message) {
     const socketData = {
@@ -78,77 +83,90 @@ export class ChatUtility {
   }
 
   /* -------------------------------------------- */
-  static async createChatWithRollMode(name, chatOptions) {
-    let rollMode = game.settings.get("core", "rollMode")
-    switch (rollMode) {
+  static async createChatWithRollMode(messageData, actor = undefined) {
+    switch (game.settings.get("core", "rollMode")) {
       case "blindroll": // GM only
         if (!game.user.isGM) {
-          ChatUtility.blindMessageToGM(chatOptions);
-
-          chatOptions.whisper = [game.user.id];
-          chatOptions.content = "Message envoyé en aveugle au Gardien";
+          ChatUtility.blindMessageToGM(messageData)
+          messageData.whisper = [game.user];
+          messageData.content = "Message envoyé en aveugle au Gardien"
         }
         else {
-          chatOptions.whisper = ChatUtility.getUsers(user => user.isGM);
+          messageData.whisper = ChatUtility.getGMs()
         }
-        break;
-      default:
-        chatOptions.whisper = ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipients(rollMode, name);
-        break;
+        break
+      case "gmroll":
+        messageData.whisper = ChatUtility.getOwners(actor)
+        break
+      case "selfroll":
+        messageData.whisper = [game.user]
+        break
     }
-    chatOptions.alias = chatOptions.alias || name;
-    return await ChatMessage.create(chatOptions);
+    messageData.alias = messageData.alias ?? actor?.name ?? game.user.name
+    return await ChatMessage.create(messageData)
+  }
+
+  static getOwners(document) {
+    return game.users.filter(it => document.getUserLevel(it) == CONST.DOCUMENT_OWNERSHIP_LEVELS.OWNER)
+  }
+
+  static getUserAndGMs() {
+    return [game.user, ...ChatUtility.getGMs()]
   }
 
   /* -------------------------------------------- */
-  static prepareChatMessage(rollMode, name) {
-    return {
-      user: game.user.id,
-      whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipients(rollMode, name)
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* -------------------------------------------- */
-  static getWhisperRecipients(rollMode, name) {
-    switch (rollMode) {
-      case "blindroll": return ChatUtility.getUsers(user => user.isGM);
-      case "gmroll": return ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(name);
-      case "selfroll": return [game.user.id];
-    }
-    return undefined;
-  }
-
-  static getOwners(actor) {
-    return game.users.filter(it => actor.getUserLevel(it) == CONST.DOCUMENT_OWNERSHIP_LEVELS.OWNER)
-  }
-
-  /* -------------------------------------------- */
-  static getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(...names) {
-    let recipients = [...ChatMessage.getWhisperRecipients('GM')]
-    names.forEach(name => recipients.push(...ChatMessage.getWhisperRecipients(name)))
-    return recipients
+  static getMultipleActorsOwners(...actors) {
+    return Misc.concat(actors.map(it => it == undefined ? [] : ChatUtility.getOwners(it)))
   }
 
   /* -------------------------------------------- */
   static getUsers(filter) {
-    return game.users.filter(filter).map(user => user.id);
+    return game.users.filter(filter)
+  }
+
+  static getGMs() {
+    return game.users.filter(user => user.isGM)
+  }
+
+  static applyRollMode(chatMessageData = {}, rollMode = game.settings.get("core", "rollMode")) {
+    switch (rollMode) {
+      case "blindroll":
+        chatMessageData.blind = true
+        chatMessageData.whisper = ChatUtility.getGMs()
+        break
+      case "gmroll":
+        chatMessageData.whisper = ChatUtility.getGMs()
+        chatMessageData.blind = false
+        break
+      case "roll":
+        chatMessageData.whisper = ChatUtility.getUsers(user => user.active)
+        chatMessageData.blind = false
+        break
+      case "selfroll":
+        chatMessageData.whisper = [game.user]
+        chatMessageData.blind = false
+        break
+    }
+    return chatMessageData
   }
 
   /* -------------------------------------------- */
   static blindMessageToGM(chatOptions) {
-    let chatGM = foundry.utils.duplicate(chatOptions);
-    chatGM.whisper = ChatUtility.getUsers(user => user.isGM);
-    chatGM.content = "Message aveugle de " + game.user.name + "<br>" + chatOptions.content;
-    console.log("blindMessageToGM", chatGM);
-    game.socket.emit(SYSTEM_SOCKET_ID, { msg: "msg_gm_chat_message", data: chatGM });
+    const chatGM = foundry.utils.duplicate(chatOptions)
+    chatGM.content = "Message aveugle de " + game.user.name + "<br>" + chatOptions.content
+    console.log("blindMessageToGM", chatGM)
+    game.socket.emit(SYSTEM_SOCKET_ID, { msg: "msg_gm_chat_message", data: chatGM })
   }
 
   /* -------------------------------------------- */
   static handleGMChatMessage(socketData) {
     console.log("blindMessageToGM", socketData);
-    if (game.user.isGM) { // message privé pour GM only
-      socketData.user = game.user.id;
-      ChatMessage.create(socketData);
+    if (Misc.firstConnectedGM()) {
+      ChatMessage.create({
+        user: game.user.id,
+        whisper: ChatUtility.getGMs(),
+        content: socketData.content
+      })
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/module/coeur/rdd-coeur.js b/module/coeur/rdd-coeur.js
index 4b85988f..f5a4a7f5 100644
--- a/module/coeur/rdd-coeur.js
+++ b/module/coeur/rdd-coeur.js
@@ -30,7 +30,8 @@ export class RdDCoeur {
   }
 
   static extractInfoCoeur(event) {
-    return ChatUtility.getMessageData(ChatUtility.getChatMessage(event), INFO_COEUR)
+    const chatMesage = ChatUtility.getChatMessage(event);
+    return ChatUtility.getMessageData(chatMesage, INFO_COEUR)
   }
 
   static getInfoCoeur(sourceActorId, targetActorId) {
@@ -98,12 +99,11 @@ export class RdDCoeur {
 
   static async startSubActeurTendreMoment(actorId, subActeurId) {
     const infoCoeur = RdDCoeur.getInfoCoeur(actorId, subActeurId)
-    if (infoCoeur.target?.actor.id) {
+    if (infoCoeur.target?.actor?.id) {
       // TODO: passer par une fenêtre pour saisir sa proposition (lieu, heure, ...)
-      const chatHtml = await renderTemplate(`systems/foundryvtt-reve-de-dragon/templates/coeur/chat-proposer-tendre-moment.hbs`, infoCoeur)
       const chatMessage = await ChatMessage.create({
-        whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(infoCoeur.target?.actor.name),
-        content: chatHtml
+        whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(infoCoeur.target.actor),
+        content: await renderTemplate(`systems/foundryvtt-reve-de-dragon/templates/coeur/chat-proposer-tendre-moment.hbs`, infoCoeur)
       })
       RdDCoeur.addTagsInfoCoeur(infoCoeur, chatMessage)
     }
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ export class RdDCoeur {
     }
     const chatHtml = await renderTemplate(`systems/foundryvtt-reve-de-dragon/templates/coeur/chat-accepter-tendre-moment.hbs`, infoCoeur)
     const chatMessage = await ChatMessage.create({
-      whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(infoCoeur.source?.actor.name, infoCoeur.target?.actor.name),
+      whisper: ChatUtility.getMultipleActorsOwners(infoCoeur.source?.actor, infoCoeur.target?.actor),
       content: chatHtml
     })
     RdDCoeur.addTagsInfoCoeur(infoCoeur, chatMessage)
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ export class RdDCoeur {
     ChatUtility.removeChatMessageId(infoCoeur.chatMessageId)
     const chatHtml = await renderTemplate(`systems/foundryvtt-reve-de-dragon/templates/coeur/chat-refuser-tendre-moment.hbs`, infoCoeur)
     await ChatMessage.create({
-      whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(infoCoeur.source?.actor.name, infoCoeur.target?.actor.name),
+      whisper: ChatUtility.getMultipleActorsOwners(infoCoeur.source?.actor, infoCoeur.target?.actor),
       content: chatHtml
     });
   }
diff --git a/module/dialog-create-signedraconique.js b/module/dialog-create-signedraconique.js
index 48cc1654..0f50f21c 100644
--- a/module/dialog-create-signedraconique.js
+++ b/module/dialog-create-signedraconique.js
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ export class DialogCreateSigneDraconique extends Dialog {
   async _createSigneForActor(actor, signe) {
     actor.createEmbeddedDocuments("Item", [signe]);
     ChatMessage.create({
-      whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(actor.name),
+      whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(actor),
       content: await renderTemplate("systems/foundryvtt-reve-de-dragon/templates/chat-signe-draconique-actor.html", {
         signe: signe,
         alias: actor.name
diff --git a/module/item/blessure.js b/module/item/blessure.js
index 04db4238..14c63724 100644
--- a/module/item/blessure.js
+++ b/module/item/blessure.js
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ export class RdDItemBlessure extends RdDItem {
       content: `Blessure ${definition.label} appliquée à ${actor.name}`+
         `<br>Perte d'endurance : ${lostEndurance}`+
         `<br>Perte de Vie : ${lostVie}`,
-      whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(actor.name)
+      whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(actor)
     });
 
   }
diff --git a/module/rdd-combat.js b/module/rdd-combat.js
index be55bc5a..68947438 100644
--- a/module/rdd-combat.js
+++ b/module/rdd-combat.js
@@ -54,10 +54,10 @@ export class RdDCombatManager extends Combat {
   /* -------------------------------------------- */
   async onPreDeleteCombat() {
     if (Misc.isUniqueConnectedGM()) {
-      await this.finDeRound({ terminer: true });
+      await this.finDeRound({ terminer: true })
       ChatUtility.removeChatMessageContaining(`<div data-combatid="${this.id}" data-combatmessage="actor-turn-summary">`)
       game.messages.filter(m => ChatUtility.getMessageData(m, 'attacker-roll') != undefined && ChatUtility.getMessageData(m, 'defender-roll') != undefined)
-        .forEach(it => it.delete());
+        .forEach(it => it.delete())
       RdDEmpoignade.deleteAllEmpoignades()
     }
   }
@@ -698,7 +698,7 @@ export class RdDCombat {
       if (this.defender.isEntite([ENTITE_BLURETTE])) {
         ChatMessage.create({
           content: `<strong>La cible est une blurette, l'arme à distance sera perdue dans le blurêve`,
-          whisper: ChatMessage.getWhisperRecipients("GM")
+          whisper: ChatUtility.getGMs()
         })
       }
       else {
@@ -721,7 +721,7 @@ export class RdDCombat {
             activite: activite,
             total: total
           }),
-          whisper: ChatMessage.getWhisperRecipients("GM")
+          whisper: ChatUtility.getGMs()
         })
       }
     }
@@ -846,7 +846,7 @@ export class RdDCombat {
 
     const choixParticuliere = await ChatMessage.create({
       alias: this.attacker.name,
-      whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(this.attacker.name),
+      whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this.attacker),
       content: await renderTemplate('systems/foundryvtt-reve-de-dragon/templates/chat-demande-attaque-particuliere.html', {
         alias: this.attacker.name,
         attackerId: this.attackerId,
@@ -933,7 +933,7 @@ export class RdDCombat {
       // message privé: du défenseur à lui même (et aux GMs)
       speaker: ChatMessage.getSpeaker(this.defender, canvas.tokens.get(this.defenderTokenId)),
       alias: this.attacker.name,
-      whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(this.defender.name),
+      whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this.defender),
       content: await renderTemplate('systems/foundryvtt-reve-de-dragon/templates/chat-demande-defense.html', paramDemandeDefense),
     });
     // flag pour garder les jets d'attaque/defense
@@ -976,7 +976,7 @@ export class RdDCombat {
   /* -------------------------------------------- */
   async _onAttaqueEchecTotal(attackerRoll) {
     const choixEchecTotal = await ChatMessage.create({
-      whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(this.attacker.name),
+      whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this.attacker),
       content: await renderTemplate('systems/foundryvtt-reve-de-dragon/templates/chat-demande-attaque-etotal.html', {
         attackerId: this.attackerId,
         attacker: this.attacker,
@@ -994,9 +994,9 @@ export class RdDCombat {
     const arme = rollData.arme;
     const avecArme = !['', 'sans-armes', 'armes-naturelles'].includes(arme?.system.categorie_parade ?? '');
     const action = (rollData.attackerRoll ? (arme ? "la parade" : "l'esquive") : "l'attaque");
-    ChatUtility.createChatWithRollMode(this.defender.name, {
-      content: `<strong>Maladresse à ${action}!</strong> ` + await RdDRollTables.getMaladresse({ arme: avecArme })
-    });
+    ChatUtility.createChatWithRollMode(
+      { content: `<strong>Maladresse à ${action}!</strong> ` + await RdDRollTables.getMaladresse({ arme: avecArme }) },
+      this.defender)
   }
 
   /* -------------------------------------------- */
@@ -1076,9 +1076,9 @@ export class RdDCombat {
     console.log("RdDCombat._onParadeParticuliere >>>", defenderRoll);
     if (!defenderRoll.attackerRoll.isPart) {
       // TODO: attaquant doit jouer résistance et peut être désarmé p132
-      ChatUtility.createChatWithRollMode(this.defender.name, {
-        content: `(à gérer) L'attaquant doit jouer résistance et peut être désarmé (p132)`
-      });
+      ChatUtility.createChatWithRollMode(
+        { content: `(à gérer) L'attaquant doit jouer résistance et peut être désarmé (p132)` },
+        this.defender)
     }
   }
 
@@ -1152,9 +1152,9 @@ export class RdDCombat {
   /* -------------------------------------------- */
   _onEsquiveParticuliere(rollData) {
     console.log("RdDCombat._onEsquiveParticuliere >>>", rollData);
-    ChatUtility.createChatWithRollMode(this.defender.name, {
-      content: "<strong>Vous pouvez esquiver une deuxième fois!</strong>"
-    });
+    ChatUtility.createChatWithRollMode(
+      { content: "<strong>Vous pouvez esquiver une deuxième fois!</strong>" },
+      this.defender);
   }
 
   /* -------------------------------------------- */
@@ -1322,10 +1322,10 @@ export class RdDCombat {
     await ChatMessage.create({
       content: await renderTemplate(`systems/foundryvtt-reve-de-dragon/templates/chat-actor-turn-acteur.hbs`, formData),
       alias: actor.name
-    });
+    })
     await ChatMessage.create({
       content: await renderTemplate(`systems/foundryvtt-reve-de-dragon/templates/chat-actor-turn-sante.hbs`, formData),
-      whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(actor.name),
+      whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(actor),
       alias: actor.name
     });
   }
diff --git a/module/rdd-commands.js b/module/rdd-commands.js
index 03b0ba8e..fcaa5b4f 100644
--- a/module/rdd-commands.js
+++ b/module/rdd-commands.js
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import { RdDUtility } from "./rdd-utility.js";
 import { FenetreRechercheTirage } from "./tirage/fenetre-recherche-tirage.js";
 import { TMRUtility } from "./tmr-utility.js";
 import { DialogFatigueVoyage } from "./voyage/dialog-fatigue-voyage.js";
+import { ChatUtility } from "./chat-utility.js";
 
 const rddRollNumeric = /^(\d+)\s*([\+\-]?\d+)?\s*(s)?/;
 
@@ -206,26 +207,20 @@ export class RdDCommands {
   /* Manage chat commands */
   processChatCommand(commandLine, content = '', msg = {}) {
     // Setup new message's visibility
-    let rollMode = game.settings.get("core", "rollMode");
-    if (["gmroll", "blindroll"].includes(rollMode)) {
-      msg["whisper"] = ChatMessage.getWhisperRecipients("GM");
-    }
-    if (rollMode === "blindroll") {
-      msg["blind"] = true;
-    }
-    msg["type"] = 0;
+    ChatUtility.applyRollMode(msg)
+    msg.type = 0;
 
     if (!this.commandsTable) {
-      this._registerCommands();
+      this._registerCommands()
     }
 
     let command = commandLine[0].toLowerCase();
     if (this._isCommandHandled(command)) {
       let params = commandLine.slice(1);
-      this._processCommand(this.commandsTable, command, params, content, msg);
-      return true;
+      this._processCommand(this.commandsTable, command, params, content, msg)
+      return true
     }
-    return false;
+    return false
   }
 
   _isCommandHandled(command) {
@@ -300,7 +295,7 @@ export class RdDCommands {
   async getRencontreTMR(params) {
     if (params.length == 1 || params.length == 2) {
       return game.system.rdd.rencontresTMR.rollRencontre(params[0], params[1])
-    }    
+    }
     return false;
   }
 
diff --git a/module/rdd-dice.js b/module/rdd-dice.js
index cdc5c74f..e9003005 100644
--- a/module/rdd-dice.js
+++ b/module/rdd-dice.js
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ export class RdDDice {
       return;
     }
 
-    let { whisper, blind } = RdDDice._getWhisperBlind(options);
+    let { whisper, blind } = ChatUtility.applyRollMode({}, options?.rollMode);
     if (options.forceDiceResult?.total) {
       let terms = await RdDDice._getForcedTerms(options);
       if (terms) {
@@ -223,24 +223,4 @@ export class RdDDice {
     await roll.evaluate();
     return roll.total;
   }
-
-  static _getWhisperBlind(options) {
-    let whisper = undefined;
-    let blind = false;
-    let rollMode = options.rollMode ?? game.settings.get("core", "rollMode");
-    switch (rollMode) {
-      case "blindroll": //GM only
-        blind = true;
-      case "gmroll": //GM + rolling player
-        whisper = ChatUtility.getUsers(user => user.isGM);
-        break;
-      case "roll": //everybody
-        whisper = ChatUtility.getUsers(user => user.active);
-        break;
-      case "selfroll":
-        whisper = [game.user.id];
-        break;
-    }
-    return { whisper, blind };
-  }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/module/rdd-empoignade.js b/module/rdd-empoignade.js
index 81c3b965..50307a4e 100644
--- a/module/rdd-empoignade.js
+++ b/module/rdd-empoignade.js
@@ -158,9 +158,12 @@ export class RdDEmpoignade {
     empoignade = empoignade ?? (await RdDEmpoignade.createEmpoignade(attacker, defender))
     //console.log("W.", empoignade, defender.hasArmeeMeleeEquipee())
     if ((isNouvelle || empoignade.system.pointsemp == 0) && defender.hasArmeeMeleeEquipee()) {
-      ChatUtility.createChatWithRollMode(attacker.name, {
-        content: await renderTemplate(`systems/foundryvtt-reve-de-dragon/templates/chat-empoignade-valider.html`, { attacker: attacker, defender: defender })
-      })
+      ChatUtility.createChatWithRollMode(
+        {
+          content: await renderTemplate(`systems/foundryvtt-reve-de-dragon/templates/chat-empoignade-valider.html`, { attacker: attacker, defender: defender })
+        },
+        attacker
+      )
     } else {
       await this.onAttaqueEmpoignadeValidee(attacker, defender)
     }
@@ -213,7 +216,7 @@ export class RdDEmpoignade {
       competence: attacker.getCompetenceCorpsACorps()
     }
     const msg = await ChatMessage.create({
-      whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(attacker.name),
+      whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(attacker),
       content: await renderTemplate(`systems/foundryvtt-reve-de-dragon/templates/chat-empoignade-immobilise.html`, rollData)
     })
     RdDEmpoignade.$storeRollEmpoignade(msg, rollData);
@@ -300,7 +303,7 @@ export class RdDEmpoignade {
   /* -------------------------------------------- */
   static async $onRollContrerLiberer(rollData) {
     let empoignade = rollData.empoignade
-    
+
     if (rollData.mode == "contrer-empoigner" && !rollData.rolled.isSuccess) {
       empoignade.system.pointsemp++
       RdDEmpoignade.$updateEtatEmpoignade(empoignade)
@@ -309,7 +312,7 @@ export class RdDEmpoignade {
       empoignade.system.pointsemp--
       RdDEmpoignade.$updateEtatEmpoignade(empoignade)
     }
-    
+
     await RdDResolutionTable.displayRollData(rollData, rollData.defender, 'chat-empoignade-resultat.html')
     if (empoignade.system.pointsemp >= 2) {
       let msg = await RdDResolutionTable.displayRollData(rollData, rollData.attacker, 'chat-empoignade-entrainer.html');
diff --git a/module/rdd-main.js b/module/rdd-main.js
index ca9b5fc4..18778107 100644
--- a/module/rdd-main.js
+++ b/module/rdd-main.js
@@ -116,11 +116,11 @@ export class SystemReveDeDragon {
     this.AppAstrologie = AppAstrologie
 
     console.log(`Initializing Reve de Dragon System Settings`)
-    
+
     // preload handlebars templates
     RdDUtility.preloadHandlebarsTemplates()
     AppPersonnageAleatoire.preloadHandlebars()
-    
+
     /* -------------------------------------------- */
     ReglesOptionnelles.initSettings()
     OptionsAvancees.initSettings()
@@ -131,13 +131,13 @@ export class SystemReveDeDragon {
     DialogChronologie.initSettings()
     RdDTMRDialog.initSettings()
     Environnement.initSettings()
-    
+
     this.initSettings()
-    
+
     /* -------------------------------------------- */
     // Set an initiative formula for the system 
     CONFIG.Combat.initiative = { formula: "1+(1d6/10)", decimals: 2 }
-    
+
     /* -------------------------------------------- */
     console.log(`Initializing Reve de Dragon Socket handlers`)
     game.socket.on(SYSTEM_SOCKET_ID, async (sockmsg) => {
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ export class SystemReveDeDragon {
         console.error('game.socket.on(SYSTEM_SOCKET_ID) Exception: ', sockmsg, ' => ', e)
       }
     })
-    
+
     /* -------------------------------------------- */
     // Define custom Entity classes
     console.log(`Initializing Reve de Dragon Documents`)
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ export class SystemReveDeDragon {
       ajustementsConditions: RdDUtility.getAjustementsConditions(),
       difficultesLibres: RdDUtility.getDifficultesLibres()
     }
-    
+
     /* -------------------------------------------- */
     // Register sheet application classes
     Actors.unregisterSheet("core", ActorSheet)
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ export class SystemReveDeDragon {
     Actors.registerSheet(SYSTEM_RDD, RdDActorEntiteSheet, { types: ["entite"], makeDefault: true })
     Items.unregisterSheet("core", ItemSheet)
     await RdDActorExportSheet.init()
-    
+
     RdDItemSheet.register(RdDSigneDraconiqueItemSheet)
     RdDItemSheet.register(RdDRencontreItemSheet)
     RdDItemSheet.register(RdDConteneurItemSheet)
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ export class SystemReveDeDragon {
     RdDItemSheet.register(RdDIngredientItemSheet)
     RdDItemSheet.register(RdDServiceItemSheet)
     RdDItemSheet.register(RdDBlessureItemSheet)
-    
+
     Items.registerSheet(SYSTEM_RDD, RdDItemInventaireSheet, {
       types: [
         "objet", "arme", "armure", "livre", "potion", "munition",
@@ -204,7 +204,8 @@ export class SystemReveDeDragon {
     // préparation des différents modules
     console.log(`Initializing Reve de Dragon Hooks and handlers`)
     CONFIG.Combat.documentClass = RdDCombatManager
-    RdDUtility.init()
+    ChatUtility.init()
+    RdDUtility.initHooks()
     RdDDice.init()
     RdDCommands.init()
     RdDCombatManager.init()
diff --git a/module/rdd-meteo.js b/module/rdd-meteo.js
index 8a705747..6b4266b3 100644
--- a/module/rdd-meteo.js
+++ b/module/rdd-meteo.js
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { ChatUtility } from "./chat-utility.js"
 
 const vents = [
   { min: 0, max: 0, valeur: 'Calme' },
@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@ export class RdDMeteo {
 
     ChatMessage.create({
       content: await renderTemplate('systems/foundryvtt-reve-de-dragon/templates/chat-resultat-meteo.html', meteo),
-      whisper: ChatMessage.getWhisperRecipients('GM')
+      whisper: ChatUtility.getGMs()
     });
   }
 
diff --git a/module/rdd-namegen.js b/module/rdd-namegen.js
index 80a47450..a5f27067 100644
--- a/module/rdd-namegen.js
+++ b/module/rdd-namegen.js
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { RdDBaseActor } from "./actor/base-actor.js";
+import { ChatUtility } from "./chat-utility.js";
 import { Misc } from "./misc.js";
 import { RdDDice } from "./rdd-dice.js";
 
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ export class RdDNameGen {
     const html = await renderTemplate(`systems/foundryvtt-reve-de-dragon/templates/chat-command-nom.html`, {
       nom: await RdDNameGen.generate()
     });
-    ChatMessage.create({ content: html, whisper: ChatMessage.getWhisperRecipients("GM") });
+    ChatMessage.create({ content: html, whisper: ChatUtility.getGMs() });
   }
 
   static async generate() {
diff --git a/module/rdd-resolution-table.js b/module/rdd-resolution-table.js
index f8b341e2..d231370c 100644
--- a/module/rdd-resolution-table.js
+++ b/module/rdd-resolution-table.js
@@ -91,13 +91,14 @@ export class RdDResolutionTable {
 
   /* -------------------------------------------- */
   static async displayRollData(rollData, actor = undefined, template = 'chat-resultat-general.html') {
-    return await ChatUtility.createChatWithRollMode(RdDResolutionTable.actorChatName(actor), {
-      content: await RdDResolutionTable.buildRollDataHtml(rollData, template)
-    });
+    return await ChatUtility.createChatWithRollMode(
+      { content: await RdDResolutionTable.buildRollDataHtml(rollData, template) },
+      actor
+    )
   }
 
   static actorChatName(actor) {
-    return actor?.name ?? game.user.name;
+    return actor ?? game.user.name;
   }
 
   /* -------------------------------------------- */
@@ -138,14 +139,14 @@ export class RdDResolutionTable {
     if (carac == 0) {
       return NaN;
     }
-    if (rolled >= carac){
-      const upper = Math.ceil(rolled/carac);
-      return 2*upper -10
+    if (rolled >= carac) {
+      const upper = Math.ceil(rolled / carac);
+      return 2 * upper - 10
     }
-    if (rolled > Math.floor(carac/2)) {
+    if (rolled > Math.floor(carac / 2)) {
       return -8
     }
-    if (rolled > Math.floor(carac/4)) {
+    if (rolled > Math.floor(carac / 4)) {
       return -9
     }
     if (rolled > 1) {
@@ -265,7 +266,7 @@ export class RdDResolutionTable {
   }
 
   /* -------------------------------------------- */
-  static subTable(carac, level, delta = { carac: 2, level: 5}) {
+  static subTable(carac, level, delta = { carac: 2, level: 5 }) {
     return {
       carac,
       level,
@@ -287,8 +288,8 @@ export class RdDResolutionTable {
       carac: carac,
       difficulte: level,
       min: minLevel,
-      rows: Misc.intArray(minCarac, maxCarac+1),
-      cols: Misc.intArray(minLevel, maxLevel+1)
+      rows: Misc.intArray(minCarac, maxCarac + 1),
+      cols: Misc.intArray(minLevel, maxLevel + 1)
     });
   }
 
diff --git a/module/rdd-tmr-dialog.js b/module/rdd-tmr-dialog.js
index eab55338..a80eaba3 100644
--- a/module/rdd-tmr-dialog.js
+++ b/module/rdd-tmr-dialog.js
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ export class RdDTMRDialog extends Dialog {
     await PixiTMR.init()
     let html = await renderTemplate('systems/foundryvtt-reve-de-dragon/templates/dialog-tmr.html', tmrData);
     if (tmrData.mode != 'visu' && !game.user.isGM) {
-      ChatMessage.create({ content: actor.name + " est monté dans les TMR en mode : " + tmrData.mode, whisper: ChatMessage.getWhisperRecipients("GM") });
+      ChatMessage.create({ content: actor.name + " est monté dans les TMR en mode : " + tmrData.mode, whisper: ChatUtility.getGMs() });
     }
     return new RdDTMRDialog(html, actor, tmrData)
   }
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ export class RdDTMRDialog extends Dialog {
     this.rencontreState = 'aucune';
     this.subdialog = undefined
     this.displaySize = undefined
-    if (!this.viewOnly) {
+    if (!this.viewOnly && !game.user.isGM) {
       this._tellToGM(this.actor.name + " monte dans les terres médianes (" + tmrData.mode + ")");
     }
     this.callbacksOnAnimate = [];
@@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ export class RdDTMRDialog extends Dialog {
     rencData.message = this.formatMessageRencontre(rencData, result.message);
 
     ChatMessage.create({
-      whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(game.user.name),
+      whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this.actor),
       content: await renderTemplate(`systems/foundryvtt-reve-de-dragon/templates/chat-rencontre-tmr.html`, rencData)
     });
 
@@ -571,12 +571,20 @@ export class RdDTMRDialog extends Dialog {
 
   /* -------------------------------------------- */
   _tellToGM(message) {
-    ChatMessage.create({ content: message, user: game.user.id, whisper: ChatMessage.getWhisperRecipients("GM") });
+    ChatMessage.create({
+      user: game.user.id,
+      content: message,
+      whisper: ChatUtility.getGMs()
+    });
   }
 
   /* -------------------------------------------- */
   _tellToUserAndGM(message) {
-    ChatMessage.create({ content: message, user: game.user.id, whisper: [game.user.id].concat(ChatMessage.getWhisperRecipients("GM")) });
+    ChatMessage.create({
+      user: game.user.id,
+      content: message,
+      whisper: ChatUtility.getUserAndGMs()
+    })
   }
 
   /* -------------------------------------------- */
@@ -715,7 +723,7 @@ export class RdDTMRDialog extends Dialog {
     }
     rollData.poesie = await Poetique.getExtrait();
     ChatMessage.create({
-      whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(game.user.name),
+      whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this.actor),
       content: await renderTemplate(`systems/foundryvtt-reve-de-dragon/templates/chat-resultat-maitrise-tmr.html`, rollData)
     });
     if (rollData.rolled.isEchec) {
@@ -739,7 +747,7 @@ export class RdDTMRDialog extends Dialog {
     if (this.isCaseMaitrisee(tmr.coord)) {
       ChatMessage.create({
         content: tmr.label + ": cette case humide est déja maitrisée grâce à votre Tête <strong>Quête des Eaux</strong>",
-        whisper: ChatMessage.getWhisperRecipients(game.user.name)
+        whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this.actor)
       });
       return false;
     }
@@ -751,14 +759,14 @@ export class RdDTMRDialog extends Dialog {
     if (tmr.type == 'pont' && EffetsDraconiques.isPontImpraticable(this.actor)) {
       ChatMessage.create({
         content: tmr.label + ": Vous êtes sous le coup d'une Impraticabilité des Ponts : ce pont doit être maîtrisé comme une case humide.",
-        whisper: ChatMessage.getWhisperRecipients(game.user.name)
+        whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this.actor)
       });
       return true;
     }
     if (this.isCaseInondee(tmr.coord)) {
       ChatMessage.create({
         content: tmr.label + ": cette case est inondée, elle doit être maîtrisée comme une case humide.",
-        whisper: ChatMessage.getWhisperRecipients(game.user.name)
+        whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this.actor)
       });
       return true;
     }
@@ -832,7 +840,7 @@ export class RdDTMRDialog extends Dialog {
     }
     rollData.poesie = await Poetique.getExtrait();
     ChatMessage.create({
-      whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(game.user.name),
+      whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this.actor),
       content: await renderTemplate(`systems/foundryvtt-reve-de-dragon/templates/chat-resultat-maitrise-tmr.html`, rollData)
     });
     if (rollData.rolled.isEchec) {
@@ -882,17 +890,16 @@ export class RdDTMRDialog extends Dialog {
       const reserveSecurite = EffetsDraconiques.isReserveEnSecurite(this.actor);
       const reserveExtensible = this.isReserveExtensible(coord);
       if (!EffetsDraconiques.isUrgenceDraconique(this.actor) && (reserveSecurite || reserveExtensible)) {
-        const msg = await renderTemplate(`systems/foundryvtt-reve-de-dragon/templates/chat-demande-declencher-sort.hbs`, {
-          actor: this.actor,
-          sorts: sorts,
-          coord: coord,
-          tete: { reserveSecurite: reserveSecurite, reserveExtensible: reserveExtensible }
-        })
         ChatMessage.create({
-          content: msg,
-          whisper: ChatMessage.getWhisperRecipients(game.user.name)
-        });
-        return;
+          content: await renderTemplate(`systems/foundryvtt-reve-de-dragon/templates/chat-demande-declencher-sort.hbs`, {
+            actor: this.actor,
+            sorts: sorts,
+            coord: coord,
+            tete: { reserveSecurite: reserveSecurite, reserveExtensible: reserveExtensible }
+          }),
+          whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this.actor)
+        })
+        return
       }
       await this.processSortReserve(sorts[0]);
     }
@@ -906,9 +913,8 @@ export class RdDTMRDialog extends Dialog {
       this.processSortReserve(sort);
     } else {
       ChatMessage.create({
-        content:
-          "Une erreur est survenue : impossible de récupérer le sort en réserve demandé.",
-        whisper: ChatMessage.getWhisperRecipients(game.user.name),
+        content: "Une erreur est survenue : impossible de récupérer le sort en réserve demandé.",
+        whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this.actor)
       });
     }
   }
@@ -1091,7 +1097,7 @@ export class RdDTMRDialog extends Dialog {
   async notifierResonanceSigneDraconique(coord) {
     if (!this.viewOnly && this.actor.isResonanceSigneDraconique(coord)) {
       ChatMessage.create({
-        whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(game.user.name),
+        whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(this.actor),
         content: await renderTemplate(`systems/foundryvtt-reve-de-dragon/templates/chat-signe-draconique-resonance.html`, { alias: this.actor.name, typeTMR: TMRUtility.getTMRType(coord) })
       });
     }
diff --git a/module/rdd-utility.js b/module/rdd-utility.js
index 9b43c877..20b10526 100644
--- a/module/rdd-utility.js
+++ b/module/rdd-utility.js
@@ -99,9 +99,7 @@ export class RdDUtility {
   // persistent handling of conteneur show/hide
   static afficheContenu = {}
   /* -------------------------------------------- */
-  static async init() {
-    Hooks.on("renderChatMessage", async (app, html, msg) => await ChatUtility.onRenderChatMessage(app, html, msg))
-    Hooks.on("createChatMessage", async (chatMessage, options, id) => await ChatUtility.onCreateChatMessage(chatMessage, options, id))
+  static async initHooks() {
     Hooks.on('renderChatLog', (log, html, chatLog) => RdDUtility.chatListeners(html))
   }
 
@@ -292,7 +290,7 @@ export class RdDUtility {
 
     Handlebars.registerHelper('array-includes', (array, value) => array.includes(value));
     Handlebars.registerHelper('min', (...args) => Math.min(...args.slice(0, -1)));
-    Handlebars.registerHelper('isLastIndex', (index, list) => index+1 >= list.length);
+    Handlebars.registerHelper('isLastIndex', (index, list) => index + 1 >= list.length);
     Handlebars.registerHelper('regle-optionnelle', (option) => ReglesOptionnelles.isUsing(option));
     Handlebars.registerHelper('trier', list => list.sort((a, b) => a.name.localeCompare(b.name)));
     Handlebars.registerHelper('filtreTriCompetences', competences => RdDItemCompetence.triVisible(competences));
@@ -645,18 +643,16 @@ export class RdDUtility {
   /* -------------------------------------------- */
   static onSocketMessage(sockmsg) {
     switch (sockmsg.msg) {
-      case "msg_gm_chat_message":
-        return ChatUtility.handleGMChatMessage(sockmsg.data);
       case "msg_app_astrologie_refresh":
-        return Hooks.callAll(APP_ASTROLOGIE_REFRESH);
+        return Hooks.callAll(APP_ASTROLOGIE_REFRESH)
       case "msg_request_nombre_astral":
-        return game.system.rdd.calendrier.requestNombreAstral(sockmsg.data);
+        return game.system.rdd.calendrier.requestNombreAstral(sockmsg.data)
       case "msg_tmr_move":
         let actor = game.actors.get(sockmsg.data.actorId);
         if (actor.isOwner || game.user.isGM) {
-          actor.refreshTMRView();
+          actor.refreshTMRView()
         }
-        break;
+        break
     }
   }
 
@@ -808,17 +804,13 @@ export class RdDUtility {
       user: game.user.id,
       rollMode: modeOverride || game.settings.get("core", "rollMode"),
       content: content
-    };
-
-    if (["gmroll", "blindroll"].includes(chatData.rollMode)) chatData["whisper"] = ChatMessage.getWhisperRecipients("GM").map(u => u.id);
-    if (chatData.rollMode === "blindroll") chatData["blind"] = true;
-    else if (chatData.rollMode === "selfroll") chatData["whisper"] = [game.user];
+    }
+    ChatUtility.applyRollMode(chatData)
 
     if (forceWhisper) { // Final force !
-      chatData["speaker"] = ChatMessage.getSpeaker();
-      chatData["whisper"] = ChatMessage.getWhisperRecipients(forceWhisper);
+      chatData.speaker = ChatMessage.getSpeaker();
+      chatData.whisper = ChatMessage.getWhisperRecipients(forceWhisper);
     }
-
     return chatData;
   }
 
@@ -881,7 +873,7 @@ export class RdDUtility {
         const current = game.system.rdd.calendrier.heureCourante();
         ChatMessage.create({
           content: `A l'heure de <strong>${current.label}</strong>, le modificateur de Chance/Malchance est de <strong>${Misc.toSignedString(ajustement)}</strong> pour l'heure de naissance <strong>${heure.label}</strong>.`,
-          whisper: ChatMessage.getWhisperRecipients("GM")
+          whisper: ChatUtility.getGMs()
         });
       }
       else if (heureNaissance) {
@@ -900,7 +892,7 @@ export class RdDUtility {
     if (compName.includes('Thanatos')) {
       let message = "Vous avez mis des points d'Expérience dans la Voie de Thanatos !<br>Vous devez réduire manuellement d'un même montant d'XP une autre compétence Draconique.";
       ChatMessage.create({
-        whisper: ChatMessage.getWhisperRecipients(game.user.name),
+        whisper: ChatUtility.getUserAndGMs(),
         content: message
       });
     }
diff --git a/module/settings/system-compendiums.js b/module/settings/system-compendiums.js
index 31321d6d..2a405b06 100644
--- a/module/settings/system-compendiums.js
+++ b/module/settings/system-compendiums.js
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ export class CompendiumTableHelpers {
       sound: CONFIG.sounds.dice,
       content: flavorContent
     };
-    await ChatUtility.createChatWithRollMode(game.user.id, messageData)
+    await ChatUtility.createChatWithRollMode(messageData)
   }
 
   /* -------------------------------------------- */
@@ -304,10 +304,10 @@ export class CompendiumTableHelpers {
     });
     const messageData = {
       user: game.user.id,
-      whisper: game.user.id,
+      whisper: [game.user],
       content: flavorContent
     };
-    await ChatUtility.createChatWithRollMode(game.user.id, messageData)
+    await ChatUtility.createChatWithRollMode(messageData)
   }
 
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/module/tmr/effets-rencontres.js b/module/tmr/effets-rencontres.js
index 0ab7ebcb..898877c7 100644
--- a/module/tmr/effets-rencontres.js
+++ b/module/tmr/effets-rencontres.js
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ export class EffetsRencontre {
   static $reve_plus = async (actor, reve) => {
     if (!ReglesOptionnelles.isUsing("recuperation-reve") && reve < 0) { 
       ChatMessage.create({
-        whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(actor.name),
+        whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(actor),
         content: `Pas de récupération de rêve (${reve} points ignorés)`
       });
       return
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ export class EffetsRencontre {
       poesie: await Poetique.getExtrait()
     })
     ChatMessage.create({
-      whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(context.actor.name),
+      whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(context.actor),
       content: await renderTemplate(`systems/foundryvtt-reve-de-dragon/templates/chat-resultat-reve-de-dragon.html`, context)
     });
   }
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ export class EffetsRencontre {
     }
 
     ChatMessage.create({
-      whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(this.name),
+      whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(context.actor),
       content: await renderTemplate(`systems/foundryvtt-reve-de-dragon/templates/chat-resultat-reve-de-dragon.html`, context)
     });
   }
diff --git a/module/tmr/present-cites.js b/module/tmr/present-cites.js
index 1b00a8b0..6112928a 100644
--- a/module/tmr/present-cites.js
+++ b/module/tmr/present-cites.js
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ export class PresentCites extends Draconique {
     let existants = actor.items.filter(it => this.isCase(it)).map(it => it.system.coord);
     if (existants.length > 0) {
       ChatMessage.create({
-        whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(game.user.name),
+        whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(actor),
         content: "Vous avez encore des présents dans des cités, vous devrez tirer une autre tête pour remplacer celle ci!"
       })
     }
diff --git a/module/tmr/urgence-draconique.js b/module/tmr/urgence-draconique.js
index f3c00769..8ecbe572 100644
--- a/module/tmr/urgence-draconique.js
+++ b/module/tmr/urgence-draconique.js
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ export class UrgenceDraconique extends Draconique {
       // La queue se transforme en idée fixe
       const ideeFixe = await RdDRollTables.getIdeeFixe();
       ChatMessage.create({
-        whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(game.user.name),
+        whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(actor),
         content: `En l'absence de sorts en réserve, l'urgence draconique de ${actor.name} se transforme en ${ideeFixe.name}`
       });
       await actor.createEmbeddedDocuments('Item', [ideeFixe]);
diff --git a/module/voyage/dialog-fatigue-voyage.js b/module/voyage/dialog-fatigue-voyage.js
index 591c1942..e4caa365 100644
--- a/module/voyage/dialog-fatigue-voyage.js
+++ b/module/voyage/dialog-fatigue-voyage.js
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ export class DialogFatigueVoyage extends Dialog {
       .forEach(async it => {
         const perteFatigue = fatigueBase + it.ajustement
         ChatMessage.create({
-          whisper: ChatUtility.getWhisperRecipientsAndGMs(it.actor.name),
+          whisper: ChatUtility.getOwners(it.actor),
           content: await renderTemplate(
             'systems/foundryvtt-reve-de-dragon/templates/voyage/chat-fatigue_voyage.hbs',
             foundry.utils.mergeObject(it,